System and method for deduplication-aware replication with an unreliable hash

ABSTRACT

A method, computer program product, and computer system for receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. It may be determined that the first hash signature exists on the target. The target may receive a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. A third hash signature may be generated at the target. It may be determined that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. A data-less write command may be executed using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

BACKGROUND

Normally, native replication does not try to benefit from data deduplication. In some applications, an appliance on the link collects data pages and enables deduplication against its database. But that database is generally limited, not shared across links, requires a similar appliance on target, and data still needs to be sent between appliance and storage. In some CAS systems, every page may have a hash signature and thus it is easier to apply this method to every page with very little cost. But this does not typically apply to address-based storage systems that are not contents-based and does not maintain a signature for every page. Keeping a signature for every page is very costly in terms of CPU and memory, and the benefit may not justify the cost.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF DISCLOSURE

In one example implementation, a method, performed by one or more computing devices, may include but is not limited to receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. It may be determined that the first hash signature exists on the target. The target may receive a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. A third hash signature may be generated at the target. It may be determined that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. A data-less write command may be executed using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

One or more of the following example features may be included. The first hash signature may be an unreliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be a reliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature. An amount of pages that are deduplicated may be determined. The amount of pages that are deduplicated may be compared to a threshold. Additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold, and the additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.

In another example implementation, a computing system may include one or more processors and one or more memories configured to perform operations that may include but are not limited to receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. It may be determined that the first hash signature exists on the target. The target may receive a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. A third hash signature may be generated at the target. It may be determined that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. A data-less write command may be executed using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

One or more of the following example features may be included. The first hash signature may be an unreliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be a reliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature. An amount of pages that are deduplicated may be determined. The amount of pages that are deduplicated may be compared to a threshold. Additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold, and the additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.

In another example implementation, a computer program product may reside on a computer readable storage medium having a plurality of instructions stored thereon which, when executed across one or more processors, may cause at least a portion of the one or more processors to perform operations that may include but are not limited to receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. It may be determined that the first hash signature exists on the target. The target may receive a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. A third hash signature may be generated at the target. It may be determined that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. A data-less write command may be executed using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

One or more of the following example features may be included. The first hash signature may be an unreliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be a reliable hash signature. The second hash signature may be received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature. An amount of pages that are deduplicated may be determined. The amount of pages that are deduplicated may be compared to a threshold. Additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold, and the additional data may be replicated from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.

The details of one or more example implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other possible example features and/or possible example advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Some implementations may not have those possible example features and/or possible example advantages, and such possible example features and/or possible example advantages may not necessarily be required of some implementations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an example diagrammatic view of a replication process coupled to an example distributed computing network according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an example diagrammatic view of a storage system of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is an example diagrammatic view of a storage target of FIG. 1 according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is an example flowchart of a replication process according to one or more example implementations of the disclosure.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

System Overview:

In some implementations, the present disclosure may be embodied as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, in some implementations, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware implementation, an entirely software implementation (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an implementation combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, in some implementations, the present disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium.

In some implementations, any suitable computer usable or computer readable medium (or media) may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. The computer-usable, or computer-readable, storage medium (including a storage device associated with a computing device or client electronic device) may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium may include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a digital versatile disk (DVD), a static random access memory (SRAM), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, a media such as those supporting the internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be a suitable medium upon which the program is stored, scanned, compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of the present disclosure, a computer-usable or computer-readable, storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

In some implementations, a computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. In some implementations, such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. In some implementations, the computer readable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to the internet, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc. In some implementations, a computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

In some implementations, computer program code for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java®, Smalltalk, C++ or the like. Java® and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the present disclosure may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language, PASCAL, or similar programming languages, as well as in scripting languages such as Javascript, PERL, or Python. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some implementations, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other hardware accelerators, micro-controller units (MCUs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may execute the computer readable program instructions/code by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present disclosure.

In some implementations, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus (systems), methods and computer program products according to various implementations of the present disclosure. Each block in the flowchart and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagrams, may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable computer program instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s)/act(s). These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the computer program instructions, which may execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create the ability to implement one or more of the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks or combinations thereof. It should be noted that, in some implementations, the functions noted in the block(s) may occur out of the order noted in the figures (or combined or omitted). For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.

In some implementations, these computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks or combinations thereof.

In some implementations, the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed (not necessarily in a particular order) on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts (not necessarily in a particular order) specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks or combinations thereof.

Referring now to the example implementation of FIG. 1, there is shown replication process 10 that may reside on and may be executed by a computer (e.g., computer 12), which may be connected to a network (e.g., network 14) (e.g., the internet or a local area network). Examples of computer 12 (and/or one or more of the client electronic devices noted below) may include, but are not limited to, a storage system (e.g., a Network Attached Storage (NAS) system, a Storage Area Network (SAN)), a personal computer(s), a laptop computer(s), mobile computing device(s), a server computer, a series of server computers, a mainframe computer(s), or a computing cloud(s). As is known in the art, a SAN may include one or more of the client electronic devices, including a RAID device and a NAS system. In some implementations, each of the aforementioned may be generally described as a computing device. In certain implementations, a computing device may be a physical or virtual device. In many implementations, a computing device may be any device capable of performing operations, such as a dedicated processor, a portion of a processor, a virtual processor, a portion of a virtual processor, portion of a virtual device, or a virtual device. In some implementations, a processor may be a physical processor or a virtual processor. In some implementations, a virtual processor may correspond to one or more parts of one or more physical processors. In some implementations, the instructions/logic may be distributed and executed across one or more processors, virtual or physical, to execute the instructions/logic. Computer 12 may execute an operating system, for example, but not limited to, Microsoft® Windows®; Mac® OS X®; Red Hat® Linux®, Windows® Mobile, Chrome OS, Blackberry OS, Fire OS, or a custom operating system. (Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both; Mac and OS X are registered trademarks of Apple Inc. in the United States, other countries or both; Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat Corporation in the United States, other countries or both; and Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both).

In some implementations, as will be discussed below in greater detail, a replication process, such as replication process 10 of FIG. 1, may receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. It may be determined that the first hash signature exists on the target. The target may receive a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. A third hash signature may be generated at the target. It may be determined that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. A data-less write command may be executed using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

In some implementations, the instruction sets and subroutines of replication process 10, which may be stored on storage device, such as storage device 16, coupled to computer 12, may be executed by one or more processors and one or more memory architectures included within computer 12. In some implementations, storage device 16 may include but is not limited to: a hard disk drive; all forms of flash memory storage devices; a tape drive; an optical drive; a RAID array (or other array); a random access memory (RAM); a read-only memory (ROM); or combination thereof. In some implementations, storage device 16 may be organized as an extent, an extent pool, a RAID extent (e.g., an example 4D+1P R5, where the RAID extent may include, e.g., five storage device extents that may be allocated from, e.g., five different storage devices), a mapped RAID (e.g., a collection of RAID extents), or combination thereof.

In some implementations, network 14 may be connected to one or more secondary networks (e.g., network 18), examples of which may include but are not limited to: a local area network; a wide area network or other telecommunications network facility; or an intranet, for example. The phrase “telecommunications network facility,” as used herein, may refer to a facility configured to transmit, and/or receive transmissions to/from one or more mobile client electronic devices (e.g., cellphones, etc.) as well as many others.

In some implementations, computer 12 may include a data store, such as a database (e.g., relational database, object-oriented database, triplestore database, etc.) and may be located within any suitable memory location, such as storage device 16 coupled to computer 12. In some implementations, data, metadata, information, etc. described throughout the present disclosure may be stored in the data store. In some implementations, computer 12 may utilize any known database management system such as, but not limited to, DB2, in order to provide multi-user access to one or more databases, such as the above noted relational database. In some implementations, the data store may also be a custom database, such as, for example, a flat file database or an XML database. In some implementations, any other form(s) of a data storage structure and/or organization may also be used. In some implementations, replication process 10 may be a component of the data store, a standalone application that interfaces with the above noted data store and/or an applet/application that is accessed via client applications 22, 24, 26, 28. In some implementations, the above noted data store may be, in whole or in part, distributed in a cloud computing topology. In this way, computer 12 and storage device 16 may refer to multiple devices, which may also be distributed throughout the network.

In some implementations, computer 12 may execute a storage management application (e.g., storage management application 21), examples of which may include, but are not limited to, e.g., a storage system application, a cloud computing application, a data synchronization application, a data migration application, a garbage collection application, or other application that allows for the implementation and/or management of data in a clustered (or non-clustered) environment (or the like). In some implementations, replication process 10 and/or storage management application 21 may be accessed via one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28. In some implementations, replication process 10 may be a standalone application, or may be an applet/application/script/extension that may interact with and/or be executed within storage management application 21, a component of storage management application 21, and/or one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28. In some implementations, storage management application 21 may be a standalone application, or may be an applet/application/script/extension that may interact with and/or be executed within replication process 10, a component of replication process 10, and/or one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28. In some implementations, one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 may be a standalone application, or may be an applet/application/script/extension that may interact with and/or be executed within and/or be a component of replication process 10 and/or storage management application 21. Examples of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 may include, but are not limited to, e.g., a storage system application, a cloud computing application, a data synchronization application, a data migration application, a garbage collection application, or other application that allows for the implementation and/or management of data in a clustered (or non-clustered) environment (or the like), a standard and/or mobile web browser, an email application (e.g., an email client application), a textual and/or a graphical user interface, a customized web browser, a plugin, an Application Programming Interface (API), or a custom application. The instruction sets and subroutines of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28, which may be stored on storage devices 30, 32, 34, 36, coupled to client electronic devices 38, 40, 42, 44, may be executed by one or more processors and one or more memory architectures incorporated into client electronic devices 38, 40, 42, 44.

In some implementations, one or more of storage devices 30, 32, 34, 36, may include but are not limited to: hard disk drives; flash drives, tape drives; optical drives; RAID arrays; random access memories (RAM); and read-only memories (ROM). Examples of client electronic devices 38, 40, 42, 44 (and/or computer 12) may include, but are not limited to, a personal computer (e.g., client electronic device 38), a laptop computer (e.g., client electronic device 40), a smart/data-enabled, cellular phone (e.g., client electronic device 42), a notebook computer (e.g., client electronic device 44), a tablet, a server, a television, a smart television, a smart speaker, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a media (e.g., video, photo, etc.) capturing device, and a dedicated network device. Client electronic devices 38, 40, 42, 44 may each execute an operating system, examples of which may include but are not limited to, Android™, Apple® iOS®, Mac® OS X®; Red Hat® Linux®, Windows® Mobile, Chrome OS, Blackberry OS, Fire OS, or a custom operating system.

In some implementations, one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 may be configured to effectuate some or all of the functionality of replication process 10 (and vice versa). Accordingly, in some implementations, replication process 10 may be a purely server-side application, a purely client-side application, or a hybrid server-side/client-side application that is cooperatively executed by one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 and/or replication process 10.

In some implementations, one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 may be configured to effectuate some or all of the functionality of storage management application 21 (and vice versa). Accordingly, in some implementations, storage management application 21 may be a purely server-side application, a purely client-side application, or a hybrid server-side/client-side application that is cooperatively executed by one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 and/or storage management application 21. As one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28, replication process 10, and storage management application 21, taken singly or in any combination, may effectuate some or all of the same functionality, any description of effectuating such functionality via one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28, replication process 10, storage management application 21, or combination thereof, and any described interaction(s) between one or more of client applications 22, 24, 26, 28, replication process 10, storage management application 21, or combination thereof to effectuate such functionality, should be taken as an example only and not to limit the scope of the disclosure.

In some implementations, one or more of users 46, 48, 50, 52 may access computer 12 and replication process 10 (e.g., using one or more of client electronic devices 38, 40, 42, 44) directly through network 14 or through secondary network 18. Further, computer 12 may be connected to network 14 through secondary network 18, as illustrated with phantom link line 54. Replication process 10 may include one or more user interfaces, such as browsers and textual or graphical user interfaces, through which users 46, 48, 50, 52 may access replication process 10.

In some implementations, the various client electronic devices may be directly or indirectly coupled to network 14 (or network 18). For example, client electronic device 38 is shown directly coupled to network 14 via a hardwired network connection. Further, client electronic device 44 is shown directly coupled to network 18 via a hardwired network connection. Client electronic device 40 is shown wirelessly coupled to network 14 via wireless communication channel 56 established between client electronic device 40 and wireless access point (i.e., WAP) 58, which is shown directly coupled to network 14. WAP 58 may be, for example, an IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, Wi-Fi®, RFID, and/or Bluetooth™ (including Bluetooth™ Low Energy) device that is capable of establishing wireless communication channel 56 between client electronic device 40 and WAP 58. Client electronic device 42 is shown wirelessly coupled to network 14 via wireless communication channel 60 established between client electronic device 42 and cellular network/bridge 62, which is shown by example directly coupled to network 14.

In some implementations, some or all of the IEEE 802.11x specifications may use Ethernet protocol and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (i.e., CSMA/CA) for path sharing. The various 802.11x specifications may use phase-shift keying (i.e., PSK) modulation or complementary code keying (i.e., CCK) modulation, for example. Bluetooth™ (including Bluetooth™ Low Energy) is a telecommunications industry specification that allows, e.g., mobile phones, computers, smart phones, and other electronic devices to be interconnected using a short-range wireless connection. Other forms of interconnection (e.g., Near Field Communication (NFC)) may also be used.

In some implementations, various I/O requests (e.g., I/O request 15) may be sent from, e.g., client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 to, e.g., computer 12. Examples of I/O request 15 may include but are not limited to, data write requests (e.g., a request that content be written to computer 12) and data read requests (e.g., a request that content be read from computer 12).

Data Storage System:

Referring also to the example implementation of FIGS. 2-3 (e.g., where computer 12 may be configured as a data storage system), computer 12 may include storage processor 100 and a plurality of storage targets (e.g., storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110). In some implementations, storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may include any of the above-noted storage devices. In some implementations, storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be configured to provide various levels of performance and/or high availability. For example, storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be configured to form a non-fully-duplicative fault-tolerant data storage system (such as a non-fully-duplicative RAID data storage system), examples of which may include but are not limited to: RAID 3 arrays, RAID 4 arrays, RAID 5 arrays, and/or RAID 6 arrays. It will be appreciated that various other types of RAID arrays may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

While in this particular example, computer 12 is shown to include five storage targets (e.g., storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110), this is for example purposes only and is not intended limit the present disclosure. For instance, the actual number of storage targets may be increased or decreased depending upon, e.g., the level of redundancy/performance/capacity required.

Further, the storage targets (e.g., storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110) included with computer 12 may be configured to form a plurality of discrete storage arrays. For instance, and assuming for example purposes only that computer 12 includes, e.g., ten discrete storage targets, a first five targets (of the ten storage targets) may be configured to form a first RAID array and a second five targets (of the ten storage targets) may be configured to form a second RAID array.

In some implementations, one or more of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be configured to store coded data (e.g., via storage management process 21), wherein such coded data may allow for the regeneration of data lost/corrupted on one or more of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110. Examples of such coded data may include but is not limited to parity data and Reed-Solomon data. Such coded data may be distributed across all of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 or may be stored within a specific storage target.

Examples of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may include one or more data arrays, wherein a combination of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 (and any processing/control systems associated with storage management application 21) may form data array 112.

The manner in which computer 12 is implemented may vary depending upon e.g., the level of redundancy/performance/capacity required. For example, computer 12 may be configured as a SAN (i.e., a Storage Area Network), in which storage processor 100 may be, e.g., a dedicated computing system and each of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be a RAID device. An example of storage processor 100 may include but is not limited to a VPLEX™, VNX™, or Unity™ system offered by Dell EMC™ of Hopkinton, Mass.

In the example where computer 12 is configured as a SAN, the various components of computer 12 (e.g., storage processor 100, and storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110) may be coupled using network infrastructure 114, examples of which may include but are not limited to an Ethernet (e.g., Layer 2 or Layer 3) network, a fiber channel network, an InfiniB and network, or any other circuit switched/packet switched network.

As discussed above, various I/O requests (e.g., I/O request 15) may be generated. For example, these I/O requests may be sent from, e.g., client applications 22, 24, 26, 28 to, e.g., computer 12. Additionally/alternatively (e.g., when storage processor 100 is configured as an application server or otherwise), these I/O requests may be internally generated within storage processor 100 (e.g., via storage management process 21). Examples of I/O request 15 may include but are not limited to data write request 116 (e.g., a request that content 118 be written to computer 12) and data read request 120 (e.g., a request that content 118 be read from computer 12).

In some implementations, during operation of storage processor 100, content 118 to be written to computer 12 may be received and/or processed by storage processor 100 (e.g., via storage management process 21). Additionally/alternatively (e.g., when storage processor 100 is configured as an application server or otherwise), content 118 to be written to computer 12 may be internally generated by storage processor 100 (e.g., via storage management process 21).

As discussed above, the instruction sets and subroutines of storage management application 21, which may be stored on storage device 16 included within computer 12, may be executed by one or more processors and one or more memory architectures included with computer 12. Accordingly, in addition to being executed on storage processor 100, some or all of the instruction sets and subroutines of storage management application 21 (and/or replication process 10) may be executed by one or more processors and one or more memory architectures included with data array 112.

In some implementations, storage processor 100 may include front end cache memory system 122. Examples of front end cache memory system 122 may include but are not limited to a volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a dynamic RAM cache memory system), a non-volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a flash-based, cache memory system), and/or any of the above-noted storage devices.

In some implementations, storage processor 100 may initially store content 118 within front end cache memory system 122. Depending upon the manner in which front end cache memory system 122 is configured, storage processor 100 (e.g., via storage management process 21) may immediately write content 118 to data array 112 (e.g., if front end cache memory system 122 is configured as a write-through cache) or may subsequently write content 118 to data array 112 (e.g., if front end cache memory system 122 is configured as a write-back cache).

In some implementations, one or more of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may include a backend cache memory system. Examples of the backend cache memory system may include but are not limited to a volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a dynamic RAM cache memory system), a non-volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a flash-based, cache memory system), and/or any of the above-noted storage devices.

Storage Targets:

As discussed above, one or more of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be a RAID device. For instance, and referring also to FIG. 3, there is shown example target 150, wherein target 150 may be one example implementation of a RAID implementation of, e.g., storage target 102, storage target 104, storage target 106, storage target 108, and/or storage target 110. An example of target 150 may include but is not limited to a VPLEX™, VNX™, or Unity™ system offered by Dell EMC™ of Hopkinton, Mass. Examples of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 may include one or more electro-mechanical hard disk drives, one or more solid-state/flash devices, and/or any of the above-noted storage devices. It will be appreciated that while the term “disk” or “drive” may be used throughout, these may refer to and be used interchangeably with any types of appropriate storage devices as the context and functionality of the storage device permits.

In some implementations, target 150 may include storage processor 152 and a plurality of storage devices (e.g., storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162). Storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 may be configured to provide various levels of performance and/or high availability (e.g., via storage management process 21). For example, one or more of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 (or any of the above-noted storage devices) may be configured as a RAID 0 array, in which data is striped across storage devices. By striping data across a plurality of storage devices, improved performance may be realized. However, RAID 0 arrays may not provide a level of high availability. Accordingly, one or more of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 (or any of the above-noted storage devices) may be configured as a RAID 1 array, in which data is mirrored between storage devices. By mirroring data between storage devices, a level of high availability may be achieved as multiple copies of the data may be stored within storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162.

While storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 are discussed above as being configured in a RAID 0 or RAID 1 array, this is for example purposes only and not intended to limit the present disclosure, as other configurations are possible. For example, storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 may be configured as a RAID 3, RAID 4, RAID 5 or RAID 6 array.

While in this particular example, target 150 is shown to include five storage devices (e.g., storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162), this is for example purposes only and not intended to limit the present disclosure. For instance, the actual number of storage devices may be increased or decreased depending upon, e.g., the level of redundancy/performance/capacity required.

In some implementations, one or more of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 may be configured to store (e.g., via storage management process 21) coded data, wherein such coded data may allow for the regeneration of data lost/corrupted on one or more of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162. Examples of such coded data may include but are not limited to parity data and Reed-Solomon data. Such coded data may be distributed across all of storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 or may be stored within a specific storage device.

The manner in which target 150 is implemented may vary depending upon e.g., the level of redundancy/performance/capacity required. For example, target 150 may be a RAID device in which storage processor 152 is a RAID controller card and storage devices 154, 156, 158, 160, 162 are individual “hot-swappable” hard disk drives. Another example of target 150 may be a RAID system, examples of which may include but are not limited to an NAS (i.e., Network Attached Storage) device or a SAN (i.e., Storage Area Network).

In some implementations, storage target 150 may execute all or a portion of storage management application 21. The instruction sets and subroutines of storage management application 21, which may be stored on a storage device (e.g., storage device 164) coupled to storage processor 152, may be executed by one or more processors and one or more memory architectures included with storage processor 152. Storage device 164 may include but is not limited to any of the above-noted storage devices.

As discussed above, computer 12 may be configured as a SAN, wherein storage processor 100 may be a dedicated computing system and each of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108, 110 may be a RAID device. Accordingly, when storage processor 100 processes data requests 116, 120, storage processor 100 (e.g., via storage management process 21) may provide the appropriate requests/content (e.g., write request 166, content 168 and read request 170) to, e.g., storage target 150 (which is representative of storage targets 102, 104, 106, 108 and/or 110).

In some implementations, during operation of storage processor 152, content 168 to be written to target 150 may be processed by storage processor 152 (e.g., via storage management process 21). Storage processor 152 may include cache memory system 172. Examples of cache memory system 172 may include but are not limited to a volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a dynamic RAM cache memory system) and/or a non-volatile, solid-state, cache memory system (e.g., a flash-based, cache memory system). During operation of storage processor 152, content 168 to be written to target 150 may be received by storage processor 152 (e.g., via storage management process 21) and initially stored (e.g., via storage management process 21) within front end cache memory system 172.

In a Content Addressable Storage (CAS) array, data is generally stored in blocks, for example of 4 KB, where each block has a unique large hash signature, for example of 20 bytes, saved on memory. Hash signatures may be accessed by small in-memory handles (e.g., short hash handles), for example of 5 bytes. These handles may be unique to each array, but not necessarily unique across arrays. When replicating between two CAS arrays, it may be much more efficient to use hash signatures instead of sending the full block. If the target already has the data block corresponding to the hash signature, there is no need to send the corresponding data. However, reading the hash signatures may be expensive, and is wasteful if the target does not have the data (in this case it is faster to send the data without a hash signature, and let the target calculate the hash signature.) While the short hash handles are readily available without the need to read from memory, since the short hash handles are not unique, they cannot be easily used to check if a target contains a hash signature. In some implementations, short hash handles are shortcuts for hash signatures, and can give a reliable hint of the existence of a hash signature in an array. While the description describes using this approach with deduplication storage devices, it would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the approach described herein may be used with any type of storage device including those that do not use de-duplication.

Normally, native replication does not try to benefit from data deduplication. In some applications, an appliance on the link collects data pages and enables deduplication against its database. But that database is generally limited, not shared across links, requires a similar appliance on target, and data still needs to be sent between appliance and storage. In some CAS systems, every page may have a hash signature and thus it is easier to apply this method to every page with very little cost. But this does not typically apply to address-based storage systems that are not contents-based and does not maintain a signature for every page. Keeping a signature for every page is very costly in terms of CPU and memory, and the benefit may not justify the cost.

In long-distance data replication, a major cost for customers is the operational cost of leasing a high-bandwidth communication line. These costs may easily exceed the cost of the storage system, software license and support. Therefore, it may be beneficial to minimize data transmission on the link. Compression is one common method that successfully reduces traffic, typically by up to 50%. However, data deduplication over the link is a new, has a potential for much higher savings. For example, a dedupe ratio of 1:4 in user data means that, at peak, bandwidth may be reduced by 75%. Furthermore, these savings are orthogonal to compression savings, and so the combined benefit can be close to 80-90% savings of bandwidth. One of the potential drawbacks for this method with CAS systems may be that it is potentially limited to CAS technology. As such, in some implementations, the present disclosure may be used with comparable benefits in a system such as VMAX or Trident.

For example, consider data replication between storage systems such as VMAX or Trident that are address-based (not CAS) but support data deduplication. In these systems, some data pages may have an entry in a hash signature database. An entry may include the address of a page (e.g., volume identifier and Logical Block Address (LBA)), as well as a hash signature. The signature may be unreliable, i.e., there is a non-negligible chance that two pages with different data have the same signature. A database may be used for opportunistic deduplication, where if there are two entries with the same hash signature, it is very likely that they represent the same data. In this case, the system may read both pages, do a byte compare, and if it is determined that the data is indeed identical, remove one of the pages and point both addresses to the same back-end location. However, given the above-noted bandwidth concerns, the present disclosure may be enabled to deduplicate replication data adapted for non-CAS architecture with an unreliable hash, while avoiding sending a page of data to a target (in some cases) if the target already has the data page.

The Replication Process:

As discussed above and referring also at least to the example implementations of FIG. 4, replication process (RP) 10 may receive 400, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. RP 10 may determine 402 that the first hash signature exists on the target. RP 10 may receive 404, at the target, a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. RP 10 may 406 generate a third hash signature at the target. RP 10 may determine 408 that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. RP 10 may execute 410 a data-less write command using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target.

In some implementations, RP 10 may receive 400, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data. For example, the source (e.g., via RP 10) may identify a page of data that needs to be transmitted (e.g., replicated) to the target. The source (e.g., via RP 10) may compute a first hash signature (e.g., an unreliable hash signature) and transmit the unreliable hash signature to be received 400 by the target. Generally, an unreliable hash signature is one that results in a non-negligible chance that two pages with different data have the same signature. Some examples of unreliable hash signatures may include, e.g., a 32-bit CRC, an 8-byte signature such as Ripemd-64 or elf-64, or a short signature extracted out of a reliable hash (for example, 6 bytes out of an MD5 or SHA1 signature.)

In some implementations, RP 10 may determine 402 that the first hash signature exists on the target. For example, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may determine 402 whether the received unreliable hash signature is in its deduplication database. If the received unreliable hash signature is determined not to be in the target's deduplication database, this may indicate that the page of data is not already replicated on the target. As such, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may return a negative response to the source, where the source (e.g., via RP 10) may then replicate the page data to the target. If the received unreliable hash signature is determined to be in the target's deduplication, this may indicate that the page of data already exists on the target. As such, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may return a positive response to the source. Notably, as the use of an unreliable hash signature has a non-negligible chance that two pages with different data have the same signature, there is still a possibility that even though the hash signatures match, the page of data does not exist on the target. As such, more of an investigation needs to be done to accurately determine whether the page of data already exists on the target (and therefore whether the data needs to be replicated from the source to the target using additional resources and bandwidth).

In some implementations, RP 10 may receive 404, at the target, a second hash signature sent from the source associated with the page of data. For example, the source (e.g., via RP 10) may read the page of data, keep it in its cache, and may computes a second hash signature (e.g., a reliable hash signature, such as SHA1). The second hash signature may then be received 404 at the target. It will be appreciated that other reliable hash signatures may be used without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The reliable hash signature may be a better indicator of whether or not the page of data is already replicated on the target.

In some implementations, the second hash signature may be received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature. For instance, the source may send to the target the write address (e.g., volume identifier and LBA), the unreliable hash, and the reliable SHA1 hash, and in some implementations, RP 10 may 406 generate a third hash signature at the target. For example, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may read associated data page from the write address in its backend, and may generate 406 its own hash signature (e.g., using the same reliable SHA1 hash signature used by the source) of that page.

In some implementations, RP 10 may determine 408 that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target. For example, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may determine 408 whether the received reliable hash signature matches the reliable hash signature sent by the source. If the received reliable (second) hash signature does not match the reliable (third) hash, this may indicate with reasonable certainty that the page of data does not exist on the target. As such, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may return a negative response to the source, where the source (e.g., via RP 10) may then replicate the page data to the target. Notably, at this point, the data page is already in the cache at the source, and thus does not need to be read again (saving on resources). Additionally, the data page is already in the cache at the target, and that page may need to be read if a hash hit (match) occurs. This means that the cost of this “failure” flow is not high (e.g., SHA1 computation on source, additional round trip).

In some implementations, RP 10 may execute 410 a data-less write command using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target. For example, if the received reliable (second) hash signature matches the reliable (third) hash, this may indicate that the page of data already exists on the target. As such, the target (e.g., via RP 10) may return a positive response to the source, and the target (e.g., via RP 10) may execute 410 a data-less write command using the page already in its deduplication database. In other words, RP 10 may apply the same page to the new address sent by the source. For example, as a general explanation, the target may point the new address to the page. The target may implement metadata tables that correlate addresses to pages of data. For example, a table may have entries for each address in a volume, where the value of the entry is a pointer to a page of data on disk (or other storage device). Multiple entries, representing various addresses in the same volume or in different volumes, may point to a single page of data. This enables the target system to keep only a single copy of the page, even when it is used in multiple addresses, and possibly in multiple volumes. Either way, the write completes and the data page in the source may be released from cache.

It will be appreciated that while the discussion involves a single page of data at a time, the present disclosure may executed for multiple pages at a time. As such, the use of only a single page of data should be taken as example only and not to otherwise limit the scope of the present disclosure.

As is evident from the description above, there is an inherent failure rate, where every page whose unreliable hash did not match a page on the target, or where the reliable hash discovered a data mis-compare and needs to be transmitted in full from the source to the target. This is an additional overhead, that may be justified if the failure rate is low enough. However, if the failure rate is above a threshold, the additional overhead may not be worthwhile, since the amount of overhead in computing hash signatures and additional roundtrips over the link may not justify the benefit.

As such, in some implementations, RP 10 may determine 412 an amount of pages that are deduplicated, and in some implementations, RP 10 may compare 414 the amount of pages that are deduplicated to a threshold. For instance, to determine whether the amount of overhead in computing hash signatures and additional roundtrips over the link may justify the benefit, the source (e.g., via RP 10), may determine 412 how many pages are being deduplicated using the technique described above, and may determine a minimal success threshold for replication deduplication (e.g., at least 20% of pages are deduplicated) using the above described technique. Subsequently, RP 10 may (e.g., periodically) compare 414 the number/percentage of pages that are actually being deduplicated to the threshold. In some implementations, the threshold may be determined by an administrator, or dynamically based on, e.g., system resources. For example, a fixed value of, e.g., 20% may be used. In another example, when the CPU load is high, a higher threshold may be used. In yet another example, an administrator may set the value via a management console.

In some implementations, RP 10 may replicate 416 additional data from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold, and RP 10 may replicate 418 the additional data from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold. For example, if the number/percentage of pages that are actually being deduplicated is above the threshold, the amount of overhead in computing hash signatures and additional roundtrips over the link may justify the benefit, and thus the use of the unreliable and reliable hash signatures may be used constantly. However, if the number/percentage of pages that are actually being deduplicated is below the threshold, the amount of overhead in computing hash signatures and additional roundtrips over the link may not always justify the benefit. As such, the use of the unreliable and reliable hash signatures may be used only a fraction of the time, for example 0.1% of the time, and only the use of the second hash signature may be used the remainder of the time. Notably, the continued example 0.1% usage of the unreliable and reliable hash signatures may be needed in order to be able to continue to measure whether the number/percentage of pages that are actually being deduplicated is above the threshold, as the dynamic nature of data may change the success rate in the future. In some implementations, initially, the use of the unreliable and reliable hash signatures may be used in 100% of all data replication, so that the success rate may be measured.

In some implementations, the comparison 410, determination 412, and replication 416/418 may be done at the volume level (e.g., the comparison 410, and determination 412 may result in the replication 416 of additional data from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold, whereas the comparison 410, and determination 412 may result in the replication 418 of additional data from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold).

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. As used herein, the language “at least one of A, B, and C” (and the like) should be interpreted as covering only A, only B, only C, or any combination of the three, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps (not necessarily in a particular order), operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps (not necessarily in a particular order), operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents (e.g., of all means or step plus function elements) that may be in the claims below are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications, variations, substitutions, and any combinations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The implementation(s) were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various implementation(s) with various modifications and/or any combinations of implementation(s) as are suited to the particular use contemplated.

Having thus described the disclosure of the present application in detail and by reference to implementation(s) thereof, it will be apparent that modifications, variations, and any combinations of implementation(s) (including any modifications, variations, substitutions, and combinations thereof) are possible without departing from the scope of the disclosure defined in the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data; determining that the first hash signature exists on the target; receiving, by the target sent from the source, a second hash signature associated with the page of data; generating a third hash signature at the target; determining that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target; executing a data-less write command using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target; determining an amount of pages that are deduplicated; comparing the amount of pages that are deduplicated to a threshold; replicating additional data from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold; and replicating the additional data from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the first hash signature is an unreliable hash signature.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the second hash signature is a reliable hash signature.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the second hash signature is received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature.
 5. A computer program product residing on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a plurality of instructions stored thereon which, when executed across one or more processors, causes at least a portion of the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data; determining that the first hash signature exists on the target; receiving, by the target sent from the source, a second hash signature associated with the page of data; generating a third hash signature at the target; determining that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target; executing a data-less write command using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target; determining an amount of pages that are deduplicated; comparing the amount of pages that are deduplicated to a threshold; replicating additional data from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold; and replicating the additional data from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.
 6. The computer program product of claim 5 wherein the first hash signature is an unreliable hash signature.
 7. The computer program product of claim 5 wherein the second hash signature is a reliable hash signature.
 8. The computer program product of claim 5 wherein the second hash signature is received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature.
 9. A computing system including: one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to perform operations comprising: receiving, by a target sent from a source, a first hash signature associated with a page of data; determining that the first hash signature exists on the target; receiving, by the target sent from the source, a second hash signature associated with the page of data; generating a third hash signature at the target; determining that the second hash signature matches the third hash signature indicating the page of data exists on the target; executing a data-less write command using the page of data existing on the target to deduplicate the page of data existing on the target; determining an amount of pages that are deduplicated; comparing the amount of pages that are deduplicated to a threshold; replicating additional data from the source to the target using only the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is below the threshold; and replicating the additional data from the source to the target using both the first hash signature and the second hash signature when the amount of pages that are deduplicated is above the threshold.
 10. The computing system of claim 9 wherein the first hash signature is an unreliable hash signature and wherein the second hash signature is a reliable hash signature.
 11. The computing system of claim 9 wherein the second hash signature is received by the target along with a volume identifier, logical block address, and the first hash signature. 